A Guide to Electricity Markets, Systems, and Policy in Massachusetts, by the Conservation Law Foundation. The report could easily be titled “Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the Electrical System but were Afraid to Ask.” It explains the basics of the electricity marketplace, including what a utility does, how pricing works, what Renewable Portfolio Standard means, the role of the ISO-NE (Independent System Operator for New England) in keeping electricity available and balanced across the region, and many other mysteries. It discusses the impacts of the interplay between electricity and natural gas on energy prices and on carbon emissions.